when the code is run the tkinter module displays a gui and when you click the submit button it is meant to save what was in the entry boxes and assign the data to variables then clear the entry boxes. this part calls the function when the button is clickedI though removing the SELF would have resolved the issue quicker and cleaner, although at this stage I dont really care if the SELF is there or not. In that case how would I define 1) "self._request" 2) def _request (self, method, uri, timeout=5, auth=True, params=None) – hdsouza. Sep 2, 2021 at 14:00. Add a comment.1,610 1 8 28. Add a comment. -1. S is not defined in the global scope, where you're trying to use it (Note that K, r, t, and sigma are also not defined in the global scope and will cause similar errors). Try either defining these variables in the global scope or moving any line that uses them into a function where they are defined.NameError: name 'Tree' is not defined That's because the class has not been defined yet at this point. The workaround is using so called Forward Reference, i.e. wrapping a class name in a string, i.e. class Tree: def __init__(self, left: 'Tree', right: 'Tree'): self.left = left self.right = rightNameError: global name 'xrange' is not defined in Python 3. 370. Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement tensorflow. 185. NameError: global name ... Sep 26, 2020 · class GameLogic (object): def __init__ (self): self._player = Player (7) class Player (object): def __init__ (self,move_count): self.move_count = move_count. This is not my original code. I simplified my original code to show my mistake. Part of my original code is down below. class GameLogic: def __init__ (self, dungeon_name="game1.txt ... The resulting error was this: NameError: name 'math' is not defined. This happened because the interpreter did not recognize the math keyword. Along with other math methods in Python, we must first import the math module to use it. Here's a fix: import math x = 5.5 print(math.ceil(x)) # 6.Nov 23, 2019 · 1 Answer. In Python 3.x, use int instead of long. PEP 237: Essentially, long renamed to int. That is, there is only one built-in integral type, named int; but it behaves mostly like the old long type. "NameError: name 'token' is not defined. I am writing a token generator, (like a password generator) and I made a function called buy_tokens(token). Even after the function, it does not read the parameter that is passed in the buy_token function. To understand better, read the code:Jan 3, 2023 · To solve the error, make sure you will need to make sure that you need to type the correct spelling in your code. In this case, you should replace Type (Capital T) with the type (Small t), and then run the code again., for more clarification please see the below example. Teams. Q&A for work. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Learn more about TeamsApr 14, 2022 · 1. First thing first: always try to avoid using the global keyword. It causes instability i code as it gets longer and complex. Anyways, your code says global is not defined because you don't have the global variable named browser defined outside of the function scopes. Remove the global keyword. Oct 24, 2019 · The fix is easy: define the __file__ variable to the name of the py module you are testing. In the interpreter type: __file__ = 'modulename.py'. Then run the script again. This method has never caused an issue for me. Share. 3 Answers. Because model has not been defined before using it in the line classes = model.predict (images, batch_size=10). First define a model and then use it, for eg; from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression x = 30 * np.random.random ( (20, 1)) y = 0.5 * x + 1.0 + np.random.normal (size=x.shape) model = LinearRegression () model.fit ...Note that you never converted the file contents from a string to an integer, so stu may well be set to the '0' or '1' string. You probably want to convert the string to an integer: with open ("C:/Users/"+ user +"/setting.txt", 'r'): try: stu = int (f.read ()) except ValueError: stu = 0.The fix is easy: define the __file__ variable to the name of the py module you are testing. In the interpreter type: __file__ = 'modulename.py'. Then run the script again. This method has never caused an issue for me. Share.Aug 1, 2022 · Using this code in my website update tool, I receive a NameError: name 'new_link1' is not defined. However I use the name new_link in my code, not new_link1. I am using Jupyter notebooks with some other notebooks running similar code if that might be having an effect. My code is below. Jan 7, 2014 · Traceback (most recent call last): File "simple.py", line 4, in <module> class Simple (object): File "simple.py", line 9, in Simple for i in xrange (self.a): NameError: name 'self' is not defined. Python interprets the loop code in the execution scope of the class body. Whatever ends up in the namespace after executing the code in the class ... 1,610 1 8 28. Add a comment. -1. S is not defined in the global scope, where you're trying to use it (Note that K, r, t, and sigma are also not defined in the global scope and will cause similar errors). Try either defining these variables in the global scope or moving any line that uses them into a function where they are defined.Teams. Q&A for work. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Learn more about TeamsDec 6, 2016 · Firstly, maybe your df object is not global variable. If so, you may pass df as an argument to the function. For the syntax, your access to the index should be .index [0] rather than .index (0). A more compact solution is return str (df ['Gold'].idxmax ()). @jezrael Thanks for suggestion. Jun 19, 2013 · try: # Python 2 forward compatibility range = xrange except NameError: pass # Python 2 code transformed from range (...) -> list (range (...)) and # xrange (...) -> range (...). The latter is preferable for codebases that want to aim to be Python 3 compatible only in the long run, it is easier to then just use Python 3 syntax whenever possible ... NameError: name ‘screen’ is not defined. Did you mean: ‘Screen’? 21st January 2023; ImportError: cannot import name ‘screen’ from ‘turtle’ 21st January 2023; ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘Turtle’ 21st January 2023; Python Quiz Code Sachin Vs Virat 2023 21st January 2023; NameError: name ‘Self’ is not defined.Nov 16, 2015 · So then you'd just want to do: try: a = input () control (a, x, y, z, k) That way, 'a' is initialized before you run the control function. You need to assign values not just to the variable a but also to other variables x, y, z, and k which you're passing here -> control (a, x, y, z, k) # for example: a= 'ADDITION' x= 1 y= 2 z=3 k=4 # and then ... The resulting error was this: NameError: name 'math' is not defined. This happened because the interpreter did not recognize the math keyword. Along with other math methods in Python, we must first import the math module to use it. Here's a fix: import math x = 5.5 print(math.ceil(x)) # 6.And also: "NameError: name 'price_buy' is not defined". The code is generating a list of random numbers. import numpy as np # This function generates a list of numbers under certain rules def num_var_list (): global number_list, number_exit, number_target number_list = [] number_target = number_exit num_max_robot = (number_target * 20) / 100 ...Note that you never converted the file contents from a string to an integer, so stu may well be set to the '0' or '1' string. You probably want to convert the string to an integer: with open ("C:/Users/"+ user +"/setting.txt", 'r'): try: stu = int (f.read ()) except ValueError: stu = 0. Dec 6, 2022 · 1. Since you installed using pip install nltk, it must have likely installed the latest published version of the code. Seems like there is a bug in the code there, as can be seen in the latest version (3.7) source code here. The issue in version 3.7 is that on line 1680, the function lemma_from_key is being called, but it does not exist. May 17, 2018 · NameError: name 'dtype' is not defined Here is the python code : # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from __future__ import division import pandas as pd import numpy as np import ... Traceback (most recent call last): File line 4, in <module> print__age(14) NameError: name 'print__age' is not defined This issue is similar to the previous example but applied to function. Although there is a “print age” function, the function name is print, underscore, and age; however, I used double underscore __ when I called the function.0. You should insert a cell just before your present code cell and then type the following code. from sklearn.base import BaseEstimator, TransformerMixin. class DataFrameSelector (BaseEstimator, TransformerMixin): def __init__ (self, attribute_names): self.attribute_names = attribute_names def fit (self, X, y=None): return self def transform ... Jul 27, 2020 · 13. So as a full answer: If you use the python package mysqlclient you still need to install the mysql client from Oracle/MySQL. This contains the C-library that the python package uses. To make things more confusing: the python package is in fact written in C for speed increases. To install this library on MacOS: when the code is run the tkinter module displays a gui and when you click the submit button it is meant to save what was in the entry boxes and assign the data to variables then clear the entry boxes. this part calls the function when the button is clickedNov 16, 2015 · So then you'd just want to do: try: a = input () control (a, x, y, z, k) That way, 'a' is initialized before you run the control function. You need to assign values not just to the variable a but also to other variables x, y, z, and k which you're passing here -> control (a, x, y, z, k) # for example: a= 'ADDITION' x= 1 y= 2 z=3 k=4 # and then ... Aug 1, 2021 · "NameError: name 'token' is not defined. I am writing a token generator, (like a password generator) and I made a function called buy_tokens(token). Even after the function, it does not read the parameter that is passed in the buy_token function. To understand better, read the code: line 37, in <module> for i in word: NameError: name 'word' is not defined. when I try to run this program. Here is the relevant code: def Pig_word0 (word): "" "This is a function which can make string translate to pig latin and first letter become capital." "" # Determined string include a, e, i, o, u or not Prefix = [] for i in word: if i in ...NameError: name 'Tree' is not defined That's because the class has not been defined yet at this point. The workaround is using so called Forward Reference, i.e. wrapping a class name in a string, i.e. class Tree: def __init__(self, left: 'Tree', right: 'Tree'): self.left = left self.right = rightDec 6, 2022 · 1. Since you installed using pip install nltk, it must have likely installed the latest published version of the code. Seems like there is a bug in the code there, as can be seen in the latest version (3.7) source code here. The issue in version 3.7 is that on line 1680, the function lemma_from_key is being called, but it does not exist. 0. You should insert a cell just before your present code cell and then type the following code. from sklearn.base import BaseEstimator, TransformerMixin. class DataFrameSelector (BaseEstimator, TransformerMixin): def __init__ (self, attribute_names): self.attribute_names = attribute_names def fit (self, X, y=None): return self def transform ... NameError: name 'x_train' is not defined Did you mean x_data? Share. Improve this answer. Follow answered Jun 13, 2017 at 14:01. Shai Shai. 111k 38 38 ...3 Answers. The recommended way to use MySQL with Django is to install mysqlclient instead of mysql-connector-python. If you use mysql-connector-python, then you need to change the ENGINE to 'mysql.connector.django' in your DATABASES setting ( docs ).Jul 27, 2022 · NameError: name 'Your' is not defined Most beginners make these types of mistakes and sometimes find it hard to find a solution. One more thing that beginners make ... 0. You should insert a cell just before your present code cell and then type the following code. from sklearn.base import BaseEstimator, TransformerMixin. class DataFrameSelector (BaseEstimator, TransformerMixin): def __init__ (self, attribute_names): self.attribute_names = attribute_names def fit (self, X, y=None): return self def transform ... Feb 2, 2023 · if i use 'print' in fist cell, i can see the data from 'data_df'. the problem is when i wolf like use in another cell into jupyterlab. – Carlos. Feb 2 at 21:16. 1. 'NameError: name 'data_df ' is not defined'. Note the extra space after data_df in that message. Maybe you put an extra space in the cell with the code that plots the graphics? Dec 27, 2022 · Teams. Q&A for work. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Learn more about Teams Actually, I found the solution to this. If we use the import from __future__ import annotations it will read the file and it won't have that problem, so we can reference different things in the order that we want.In the above traceback, the exception was a NameError, which means that there is a reference to some name (variable, function, class) that hasn’t been defined. In this case, the name referenced is someon. The final line in this case has enough information to help you fix the problem.Jun 19, 2013 · try: # Python 2 forward compatibility range = xrange except NameError: pass # Python 2 code transformed from range (...) -> list (range (...)) and # xrange (...) -> range (...). The latter is preferable for codebases that want to aim to be Python 3 compatible only in the long run, it is easier to then just use Python 3 syntax whenever possible ... BPO 39513 Nosy @vsajip, @vstinner, @serhiy-storchaka, @tirkarthi Superseder bpo-26789: logging: Trying to log during Python finalization with NameError: name 'open' is not defined Note: these values reflect the state of the issue at the ...Sep 26, 2020 · class GameLogic (object): def __init__ (self): self._player = Player (7) class Player (object): def __init__ (self,move_count): self.move_count = move_count. This is not my original code. I simplified my original code to show my mistake. Part of my original code is down below. class GameLogic: def __init__ (self, dungeon_name="game1.txt ... Feb 2, 2023 · if i use 'print' in fist cell, i can see the data from 'data_df'. the problem is when i wolf like use in another cell into jupyterlab. – Carlos. Feb 2 at 21:16. 1. 'NameError: name 'data_df ' is not defined'. Note the extra space after data_df in that message. Maybe you put an extra space in the cell with the code that plots the graphics? Dec 6, 2022 · 1. Since you installed using pip install nltk, it must have likely installed the latest published version of the code. Seems like there is a bug in the code there, as can be seen in the latest version (3.7) source code here. The issue in version 3.7 is that on line 1680, the function lemma_from_key is being called, but it does not exist. The Python "NameError: name 'plt' is not defined" occurs when we use the pyplot module without importing it first. To solve the error, install matplotlib and import plt (import matplotlib.pyplot as plt) before using it. Open your terminal in your project's root directory and install the matplotlib module. shell.In the above traceback, the exception was a NameError, which means that there is a reference to some name (variable, function, class) that hasn’t been defined. In this case, the name referenced is someon. The final line in this case has enough information to help you fix the problem.You have imported the math module using a different name. How to fix the NameError: name 'math' is not defined? The math library in Python is a built-in module that provides various mathematical operations and functions. It includes functions for basic arithmetic operations, trigonometric functions, logarithmic functions, and more. @Mark_Hanslip Glad you’re trying the native API! The full import paths are torch.cuda.amp.autocast and torch.cuda.amp.GradScaler.Often, for brevity, usage snippets don’t show full import paths, silently assuming the names were imported earlier and that you skimmed the class or function declaration/header to obtain each path.The fix is easy: define the __file__ variable to the name of the py module you are testing. In the interpreter type: __file__ = 'modulename.py'. Then run the script again. This method has never caused an issue for me. Share.I'd recommend putting a import pdb;pdb.set_trace () first in the InfraPy.py file to make sure you are in the right file, and step through the definition of InfraPy.py to see what is happening. If you don't get a breakpoint, you are importing another file than you think. You can also dir (InfraPy) after importing it, and check which file you are ...Feb 23, 2023 · In practice, you could use any other name, e.g. this. However, this is not recommended as the convention is followed by most (if not all) Python developers and not following it would make your code more confusing and more difficult to read. # Conclusion. To solve the "NameError: name 'self' is not defined", make sure: The resulting error was this: NameError: name 'math' is not defined. This happened because the interpreter did not recognize the math keyword. Along with other math methods in Python, we must first import the math module to use it. Here's a fix: import math x = 5.5 print(math.ceil(x)) # 6.I have a Python version 3.3.0 and I am not sure why it does not let me do long for b and m here... I tried to look up the answers on here and but nothing helped...thanks. NameError: global name 'long' is not defined power = long (b) % long (m) There's no more long. Let it go (BTW, int is the new long)NameError: name 'db' is not defined. Ask Question Asked 3 years, 3 months ago. Modified 3 years, 3 months ago. Viewed 3k times 0 I've made a simple code using python ...Nov 25, 2021 · NameError: name 'nn' is not defined. 4. Pytorch Error, RuntimeError: expected scalar type Long but found Double. 1. Pytorch - AttributeError: 'tuple' object has no ... Feb 15, 2019 · The clue is in the error: NameError, on line 5 where you call pd.DataFrame, because there is no import statement, Python does not know what the "name" pd means. Share Improve this answer Feb 2, 2023 · if i use 'print' in fist cell, i can see the data from 'data_df'. the problem is when i wolf like use in another cell into jupyterlab. – Carlos. Feb 2 at 21:16. 1. 'NameError: name 'data_df ' is not defined'. Note the extra space after data_df in that message. Maybe you put an extra space in the cell with the code that plots the graphics? Let’s now look at the above scenarios in detail. The scipy module is not imported. It can happen that you are trying to use the scipy module without even importing it. This is because Python does not recognize the scipy library and its functions until it is imported into the code. You have imported the math module using a different name. How to fix the NameError: name 'math' is not defined? The math library in Python is a built-in module that provides various mathematical operations and functions. It includes functions for basic arithmetic operations, trigonometric functions, logarithmic functions, and more.running it from an empty dir makes it go passed this issue. i.e. try the following. mkdir empty_dir && cd empty_dir && python -c 'import torch'. source: answer. Also, I just wan to put it out there that the root cause of this issue for me when importing torch was a broken numpy installation.Teams. Q&A for work. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Learn more about Teams29 6. regc should be a function that is known to the script (maybe defined somewhere else or imported) – user2314737. Sep 5, 2020 at 9:20. You said command=regc and now python is looking for a function named regc to execute when the button is clicked, but no such button exists, so how will it work, you have to start by def regc (): in the ...Feb 23, 2023 · In practice, you could use any other name, e.g. this. However, this is not recommended as the convention is followed by most (if not all) Python developers and not following it would make your code more confusing and more difficult to read. # Conclusion. To solve the "NameError: name 'self' is not defined", make sure: Feb 11, 2013 · NameError: name 'Tree' is not defined That's because the class has not been defined yet at this point. The workaround is using so called Forward Reference, i.e. wrapping a class name in a string, i.e. class Tree: def __init__(self, left: 'Tree', right: 'Tree'): self.left = left self.right = right Feb 11, 2013 · NameError: name 'Tree' is not defined That's because the class has not been defined yet at this point. The workaround is using so called Forward Reference, i.e. wrapping a class name in a string, i.e. class Tree: def __init__(self, left: 'Tree', right: 'Tree'): self.left = left self.right = right Jun 30, 2015 · line 37, in <module> for i in word: NameError: name 'word' is not defined. when I try to run this program. Here is the relevant code: def Pig_word0 (word): "" "This is a function which can make string translate to pig latin and first letter become capital." "" # Determined string include a, e, i, o, u or not Prefix = [] for i in word: if i in ... Jan 26, 2020 · 1. It has has to do with how you imported the json module. By using the * notation, you are importing everything in the json module. When importing a module in this way, you do not need to specify the module a function came from. When importing, you have two options, import the module (and reference the module name when using it), or import ... However, you can remove the unicode () call altogether; open () produces a file object that already decodes data to Unicode for you. You probably want to tell it what codec to use, explicitly: fileMain = open ("dictionary_15k.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") for line1 in fileMain: dictWords.append (line1.strip ()) You may want to switch to Python 2 ...How to fix NameError: name ‘Y’ is not defined? we use the input () function for user input but input is a string or text, not a code so in our case we need to convert the code Y in to string “Y” then we are able to fix this error, for more clarification please see the above example. For more information Visit Amol Blog Code YouTube Channel.Aug 1, 2022 · Using this code in my website update tool, I receive a NameError: name 'new_link1' is not defined. However I use the name new_link in my code, not new_link1. I am using Jupyter notebooks with some other notebooks running similar code if that might be having an effect. My code is below. Feb 11, 2013 · NameError: name 'Tree' is not defined That's because the class has not been defined yet at this point. The workaround is using so called Forward Reference, i.e. wrapping a class name in a string, i.e. class Tree: def __init__(self, left: 'Tree', right: 'Tree'): self.left = left self.right = right How many terms do you want for the sequence? 5 Traceback (most recent call last): File "fibonacci.py", line 18, in <module> n = calculate_nt_term(n1, n2) NameError: name 'calculate_nt_term' is not defined. Python cannot find the name “calculate_nt_term” in the program because of the misspelling.Teams. Q&A for work. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Learn more about TeamsApr 2, 2021 · And also: "NameError: name 'price_buy' is not defined". The code is generating a list of random numbers. import numpy as np # This function generates a list of numbers under certain rules def num_var_list (): global number_list, number_exit, number_target number_list = [] number_target = number_exit num_max_robot = (number_target * 20) / 100 ... I try to compile this code but I get this errror : NameError: name 'dtype' is not defined. Here is the python code : # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from __future__ import division import pandas as pd import numpy as np import re import missingno as msno from functools import partial import seaborn as sns sns.set (color_codes=True) if dtype (data.OPP ...NameError: name ‘screen’ is not defined. Did you mean: ‘Screen’? 21st January 2023; ImportError: cannot import name ‘screen’ from ‘turtle’ 21st January 2023; ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘Turtle’ 21st January 2023; Python Quiz Code Sachin Vs Virat 2023 21st January 2023; NameError: name ‘Self’ is not defined.To solve the error, we have to import the random module. main.py. # import random module first import random n1 = random.randint(1, 10) print(n1) s1 = random.choice(['a', 'b', 'c']) print(s1) Even though the random module is in the Python standard library, we still have to import it before using it. Make sure you haven't used a capital letter r ...NameError is a kind of error in Python that occurs when executing a function, variable, library, or string without quotes that have been typed in the code without any previous Declaration. When the interpreter, upon execution, cannot identify the global or local name throws a NameError.# NameError: name 'X' is not defined in Python. The Python "NameError: name is not defined" occurs when we try to access a variable or a function that is not defined or before it is defined. To solve the error, make sure you haven't misspelled the variable's name and access it after it has been declared.Teams. Q&A for work. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Learn more about Teams
NameError: name ‘screen’ is not defined. Did you mean: ‘Screen’? 21st January 2023; ImportError: cannot import name ‘screen’ from ‘turtle’ 21st January 2023; ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘Turtle’ 21st January 2023; Python Quiz Code Sachin Vs Virat 2023 21st January 2023; NameError: name ‘Self’ is not defined.. Are mcdonald
Aug 30, 2021 · I though removing the SELF would have resolved the issue quicker and cleaner, although at this stage I dont really care if the SELF is there or not. In that case how would I define 1) "self._request" 2) def _request (self, method, uri, timeout=5, auth=True, params=None) – hdsouza. Sep 2, 2021 at 14:00. Add a comment. class GameLogic (object): def __init__ (self): self._player = Player (7) class Player (object): def __init__ (self,move_count): self.move_count = move_count. This is not my original code. I simplified my original code to show my mistake. Part of my original code is down below. class GameLogic: def __init__ (self, dungeon_name="game1.txt ...when the code is run the tkinter module displays a gui and when you click the submit button it is meant to save what was in the entry boxes and assign the data to variables then clear the entry boxes. this part calls the function when the button is clickedDec 6, 2016 · Firstly, maybe your df object is not global variable. If so, you may pass df as an argument to the function. For the syntax, your access to the index should be .index [0] rather than .index (0). A more compact solution is return str (df ['Gold'].idxmax ()). @jezrael Thanks for suggestion. 0. You should insert a cell just before your present code cell and then type the following code. from sklearn.base import BaseEstimator, TransformerMixin. class DataFrameSelector (BaseEstimator, TransformerMixin): def __init__ (self, attribute_names): self.attribute_names = attribute_names def fit (self, X, y=None): return self def transform ... NameError: name 'XXX' is not defined. I have a function def viterbi (). One of the input variabless is sequence. Later on in the function I am calling sequence. However, by doing so, it returns: def viterbi (sequence, p_start=None, p_trans=None, p_stop=None, p_emiss=None): length = len (sequence) num_states = len (p_start) best_path ...Let’s now look at the above scenarios in detail. The scipy module is not imported. It can happen that you are trying to use the scipy module without even importing it. This is because Python does not recognize the scipy library and its functions until it is imported into the code. Jan 7, 2014 · Traceback (most recent call last): File "simple.py", line 4, in <module> class Simple (object): File "simple.py", line 9, in Simple for i in xrange (self.a): NameError: name 'self' is not defined. Python interprets the loop code in the execution scope of the class body. Whatever ends up in the namespace after executing the code in the class ... NameError: name 'Tree' is not defined That's because the class has not been defined yet at this point. The workaround is using so called Forward Reference, i.e. wrapping a class name in a string, i.e. class Tree: def __init__(self, left: 'Tree', right: 'Tree'): self.left = left self.right = rightFeb 2, 2023 · if i use 'print' in fist cell, i can see the data from 'data_df'. the problem is when i wolf like use in another cell into jupyterlab. – Carlos. Feb 2 at 21:16. 1. 'NameError: name 'data_df ' is not defined'. Note the extra space after data_df in that message. Maybe you put an extra space in the cell with the code that plots the graphics? Feb 1, 2023 · To solve the error, we have to import the random module. main.py. # import random module first import random n1 = random.randint(1, 10) print(n1) s1 = random.choice(['a', 'b', 'c']) print(s1) Even though the random module is in the Python standard library, we still have to import it before using it. Make sure you haven't used a capital letter r ... Aug 24, 2020 · NameError: name is not defined. In python, nameerror name is not defined is raised when we try to use the variable or function name which is not valid. Example: value = ['Mango', 'Apple', 'Orange'] print(values) After writing the above code, Ones you will print “ values ” then the error will appear as a “ NameError: name ‘values’ is ... NameError: name 'Tree' is not defined That's because the class has not been defined yet at this point. The workaround is using so called Forward Reference, i.e. wrapping a class name in a string, i.e. class Tree: def __init__(self, left: 'Tree', right: 'Tree'): self.left = left self.right = rightSep 21, 2022 · 1. Solution: stop copying random code from other places and wonder why it does not work. Instead write code yourself that you do understand. Having globals is very often a very bad idea, particularly if you do not know what you are doing and how to build a somewhat clean application. – luk2302. Sep 21, 2022 at 8:40. Dec 6, 2016 · Firstly, maybe your df object is not global variable. If so, you may pass df as an argument to the function. For the syntax, your access to the index should be .index [0] rather than .index (0). A more compact solution is return str (df ['Gold'].idxmax ()). @jezrael Thanks for suggestion. The fix is easy: define the __file__ variable to the name of the py module you are testing. In the interpreter type: __file__ = 'modulename.py'. Then run the script again. This method has never caused an issue for me. Share.Note that you never converted the file contents from a string to an integer, so stu may well be set to the '0' or '1' string. You probably want to convert the string to an integer: with open ("C:/Users/"+ user +"/setting.txt", 'r'): try: stu = int (f.read ()) except ValueError: stu = 0. .